Problem

For data \({2,2,3,4}\), a dot plot shows \(\text{one}~\text{dot}\) at \(2\), \(\text{one}\) at \(3\), and \(\text{one}\) at \(4\). Diagnose the error, state the governing frequency rule, and give the correction and corrected total number of dots.

Source statistical display: For data {2,2,3,4}, a dot plot shows one dot at2, one at3, and one at4. No requested analysis or conclusion is annotated.

Big Picture

What this problem is really about

Audit the source data and the display with the same invariant: one observation must produce one dot, so each stack height equals that value’s frequency. Compare counts value by value and compare total dots with the sample size; correct only the first mismatch, then verify both checks again.

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error = omitted repeated observation at value2; rule = stack height must equal frequency; correction = place all four dots at2; corrected total dots=4

error = omitted repeated observation at value2; rule = stack height must equal frequency; correction = move the dot at3 to2; corrected total dots=4 with no dot at3

error = omitted repeated observation at value2; rule = stack height must equal frequency; correction = add one dot at2 so its stack is2; corrected total dots=4

error = no error; rule = one dot per distinct value; correction = leave one dot at each of 2,3,4; corrected total dots=3

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For data \({2,2,3,4}\), a dot plot shows \(\text{one}~\text{dot}\) at \(2\), \(\text{one}\) at \(3\), and \(\text{one}\) at \(4\). Diagnose the error, state the governing frequency rule, and give the correction and corrected total number of dots.

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