Extend polynomial identities to complex numbers, such as factoring sums of squares over the complex numbers.
Factor an expression of the form \(A^2+B^2\) over the complex numbers
Problem
Let \(u=x-3\) and factor \(u^{2}+16\) over \(ℂ\) as conjugates. Substitute \(x-3\) back without changing its sign.
Big Picture
What this problem is really about
Treating the shifted expression as one unit keeps the factorization organized. We’ll substitute a temporary variable for the whole binomial, split the resulting sum of squares into conjugates, restore the unchanged shifted expression in both factors, and multiply back to verify.
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