Use probability to make fair decisions, such as lotteries or random selection.
Compute participant probabilities and classify a selection method's fairness
Problem
Condition on an accepted die result from \(1~\text{through}~4\). Compute each student’s eventual probability after rerolls and apply the equal-chance criterion.
Big Picture
What this problem is really about
Rerolling rejected die faces conditions the process on the four accepted results. We’ll compute each participant’s eventual probability within that accepted set, account for repeated attempts without favoring any accepted face, and compare the four chances. Equality across participants satisfies the stated fairness criterion, while the discarded outcomes affect waiting time rather than relative likelihood.
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