Problem

A simple random sample is drawn from the complete voter-registration list to study registered city voters. Assess frame coverage, selection chances, the bias mechanism reduced, the supported population inference, and remaining limitations.

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What this problem is really about

Audit a probability sample in order: compare the frame with the target, identify who had a known chance to enter, and name the selection bias that chance reduces. Then limit the inference to the frame-covered population. Random selection supports population estimation, but it neither proves causation nor removes sample-to-sample variation, nonresponse, or other measurement problems.

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The complete registration list covers registered city voters; SRS selection gives equal known chances, reduces convenience bias, and supports inference to registered voters subject to sampling uncertainty and nonresponse.

Call the complete registration list undercovered; still claim equal known chances, reduced convenience bias, and inference to all registered voters without a coverage limitation.

The frame covers the target and chances are equal, but claim random selection removes all sampling uncertainty and nonresponse.

The frame covers registered voters and chances are equal, but generalize to every city resident, beyond the covered target.

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A simple random sample is drawn from the complete voter-registration list to study registered city voters. Assess frame coverage, selection chances, the bias mechanism reduced, the supported population inference, and remaining limitations.

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