Understand statistics as inference about population parameters from random samples.
Distinguish a sample description from a population inference
Problem
Is this statement a sample description or a population inference: In our sample, \(60~\text{percent}\) preferred \(A\)?
Big Picture
What this problem is really about
Classify the statement exactly as written by locating its scope words. A sample description reports a quantity only for observed units, while a population inference extends sample evidence to an unobserved population parameter. A percentage alone does not create an inference; there must be language that reaches beyond the sample.
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