Problem

Volunteers are randomly assigned to exercise or continue their usual routine. Analyze confounding, causal scope, and the population-generalization limit created by volunteer recruitment.

Answer choices

Choose your path.

Preview only

Each volunteer chooses exercise or the usual routine. The groups can differ in motivation, so the design does not support a causal comparison; the volunteer sample also limits generalization.

Each volunteer receives a random treatment label. Random assignment balances confounders among volunteers in expectation and supports a causal comparison for volunteers; the volunteer sample limits population generalization.

Each volunteer receives a random routine label. The groups are comparable in expectation and support a causal exercise comparison, and random assignment also makes volunteers representative of the population.

Each volunteer receives a random routine label. The groups are guaranteed identical on every confounder, so the exercise effect is proved with certainty and generalizes to everyone.

The choices are visible. Checking your work and seeing which answer is correct happen inside Gozunta.

Volunteers are randomly assigned to exercise or continue their usual routine. Analyze confounding, causal scope, and the population-generalization limit created by volunteer recruitment.

Turn the preview into practice.

Gozunta lets you study this problem—and more than 10,000 others.