Problem preview

S-IC.3 Warmup M3-049-A07-V04

Distinguish sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies; explain randomization in each.

Decide whether a causal conclusion is justified

Problem

A school wants to know whether a new tutoring program causes higher quiz scores. They randomly assign some students to receive the tutoring program and others to continue with the usual study hall, then compare the groups’ quiz scores. Does this study design support a causal conclusion?

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Causal claim is weaker because there is no comparison group

Supports a causal conclusion if well controlled

Does not establish causation because of possible confounding

Only shows association, not causation, because the students were not randomly selected

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Curriculum context

Course: Math III
Standard: S-IC.3
Category: Statistics and Probability
Domain: Making Inferences and Justifying Conclusions
Objective: Distinguish sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies; explain randomization in each.
Problem type: Decide whether a causal conclusion is justified