Distinguish sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies; explain randomization in each.
Identify exactly what randomization changes and why
Problem
A fair coin assigns a treatment label to each enrolled experimental subject. Explain what is randomized, what repeating the process represents, and what the design supports and does not support.
Big Picture
What this problem is really about
Describe randomization by naming what stays fixed, what the randomizer changes, and what repeating that mechanism represents. When enrolled subjects remain fixed and only treatment labels move, repetition creates a random-assignment reference process and balances confounders in expectation. That supports causal comparison among participants, while population representation still depends on the separate recruitment process.
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