Audit sampling coverage, bias, and generalizability
Problem
A study uses random-digit dialing, but adults without reachable phones cannot be contacted. Analyze the random sampling mechanism, undercoverage, supported population scope, and nonresponse caveat.
Big Picture
What this problem is really about
Audit coverage and selection as separate stages. A random mechanism can operate validly within its reachable frame while people outside that frame still have zero chance to enter, creating undercoverage that bounds population inference. After selection, failure to respond is a second possible bias source because respondents may differ systematically from nonrespondents.
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