Decide whether a study design justifies a causal claim
Problem
Does this study design support a causal conclusion: randomized trial assigns treatment and placebo?
Big Picture
What this problem is really about
Look for both an imposed treatment comparison and random assignment. Chance-based assignment tends to balance preexisting confounders, while a valid control condition shows what happens under otherwise comparable circumstances. When the trial is properly conducted, those features support a causal conclusion for its participants under the design assumptions; a control group alone is not enough.
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