All courses Math II · A-SSE.3.b 12 of 73
Complete the square to reveal maximum or minimum values of quadratic functions.

Complete the square for a monic quadratic

Problem
Complete the square for monic quadratic x²+8x+3. Enter half coefficient, square added/subtracted, completion line, vertex form, vertex, and expansion check.
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Hint

Compute b/2 and(b/2)² exactly.

x²+bx=(x+b/2)²−(b/2)². Preserve equivalence by adding and subtracting the same square.

Solution walkthrough

01

Find the completing-square value

\[8/2~=~4~\text{and}~4^2~=~16\]

Half the x-coefficient, then square it.

02

Add and subtract that value

\[x^2+8x+3~=~x^2+8x+16-16+3\]

This keeps the expression equivalent while creating a perfect square.

03

Rewrite the perfect square

\[(x+4)^2-13\]

\(x^2+8x+16\) becomes \((x+4)^2\), and \(-16+3=-13\).

04

State the vertex form

\[\text{half}~\text{coefficient}=4;~\text{square}~\text{added}=16;~\text{completion}=x²+8x+16−16+3;~\text{vertex}~\text{form}=(x+4)²−13;~\text{vertex}=(-4,-13);~\text{expansion}~\text{check}=\text{original}\]

This is the completed-square form of the quadratic.

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Another way

  1. Check by expanding \((x+4)^2-13\) back to \(x^2+8x+3\).

!

Common mistake

Adding the completing-square value without subtracting it to keep the expression equivalent.