Use randomized-experiment data and simulations to compare treatments and judge significance.
Classify randomization significance using explicit alpha
Problem
A randomization test has \(p~=~0.01\) and \(\text{alpha}~=~0.05\), with significance defined by \(p~<~\text{alpha}\). State the significance and null decision, and explain what \(p\) does not say about practical importance.
Big Picture
What this problem is really about
Apply the significance rule exactly as stated by comparing the p-value with alpha on the same scale. Entering the rejection region makes the result statistically significant and leads to rejecting the no-effect null under that rule. This judgment concerns how unusual the data are under the null; it does not measure effect size, practical value, or eliminate decision error.
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