California course

Math Foundations

Strengthen number sense, fractions, ratios, expressions, equations, geometry, and data—the bridge from middle-school math to high-school success.

Problem types
634
Practice variants
2,536
Problem types

Page 2 of 18

Each problem type has four distinct practice variants. Open a preview to move among all four.

MF.NS.4 MF-004-A01-V01

Use commutative structure to reorder

Use commutative, associative, and distributive structure to rewrite and simplify numerical expressions efficiently.

The goal is to make the addition friendlier without changing any addend. We’ll use the commutative property to move the two numbers that combine to a round hundred next to …

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MF.NS.4 MF-004-A02-V01

Use associative structure to regroup

Use commutative, associative, and distributive structure to rewrite and simplify numerical expressions efficiently.

This product becomes easier when two of its factors are combined first. We’ll use the associative property to place parentheses around the pair that makes a friendly hundred, while keeping …

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MF.NS.4 MF-004-A03-V01

Distribute across a sum or difference

Use commutative, associative, and distributive structure to rewrite and simplify numerical expressions efficiently.

The outside factor applies to the entire sum, so distribution must create one product for each term inside the parentheses. We’ll multiply six by both addends, keep the plus sign …

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MF.NS.4 MF-004-A04-V01

Choose the best property-based rewrite

Use commutative, associative, and distributive structure to rewrite and simplify numerical expressions efficiently.

Ninety-nine is close to a friendlier factor, one hundred, but using that factor adds one extra group of seven. We’ll rewrite ninety-nine as one hundred minus one, distribute the multiplication …

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MF.NS.4 MF-004-A05-V01

Rewrite a contextual calculation efficiently

Use commutative, associative, and distributive structure to rewrite and simplify numerical expressions efficiently.

The story is about equal groups, and the product becomes easier if we pair the packs. We’ll rewrite eight as four times two, regroup so two multiplies twenty-five first, and …

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MF.NS.4 MF-004-A06-V01

Use a common factor in context

Use commutative, associative, and distributive structure to rewrite and simplify numerical expressions efficiently.

Both clubs pay the same price for every sketchbook, so that unit price is a common factor. We’ll write each club’s cost as quantity times price, factor the shared price …

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MF.NS.4 MF-004-A07-V01

Factor a common contextual rate or group count

Use commutative, associative, and distributive structure to rewrite and simplify numerical expressions efficiently.

The two ticket groups share the same price per ticket. We’ll write their revenues as two products, factor the common ticket price, add the ticket counts inside parentheses, and then …

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MF.NS.4 MF-004-A10-V01

Recognize an equivalent structural rewrite

Use commutative, associative, and distributive structure to rewrite and simplify numerical expressions efficiently.

The outside factor multiplies the entire sum, so an equivalent distributed form needs two product terms. We’ll multiply seven by each addend, keep the addition between those products, and stop …

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MF.NS.4 MF-004-A11-V01

Translate a shortcut into symbols

Use commutative, associative, and distributive structure to rewrite and simplify numerical expressions efficiently.

The shortcut works by breaking one factor into smaller factors and regrouping them. We’ll replace sixteen with four times four, use the associative property to pair one four with twenty-five, …

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MF.NS.4 MF-004-A12-V01

Check rewrite validity and use a specified target structure

Use commutative, associative, and distributive structure to rewrite and simplify numerical expressions efficiently.

A rewrite is valid only if it preserves the original product. We’ll check whether each proposed form follows a true factor split, reject any form that changes a factor’s value, …

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MF.NS.4 MF-004-A13-V01

Select the best structural model

Use commutative, associative, and distributive structure to rewrite and simplify numerical expressions efficiently.

Nineteen is one less than the friendly multiple twenty, so using twenty creates one extra group of six. We’ll calculate the easier twenty-group product and subtract that extra group. This …

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MF.NS.5 MF-005-A01-V01

List all factors of a number

Find factors, multiples, common factors, and common multiples to solve numerical and contextual problems.

To list every factor without omissions, we’ll search for whole-number pairs whose product is thirty-six. We’ll test possible small factors in order, record both members of each successful pair, and …

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MF.NS.5 MF-005-A02-V01

Work with multiples of a number

Find factors, multiples, common factors, and common multiples to solve numerical and contextual problems.

A multiple of nine must equal nine times a whole number. We’ll divide fifty-four by nine and check whether the quotient is whole with no remainder, then multiply back to …

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MF.NS.5 MF-005-A03-V01

Find common factors or the GCF

Find factors, multiples, common factors, and common multiples to solve numerical and contextual problems.

A common factor must divide both numbers evenly, and the greatest one is the largest shared divisor. We’ll build the factor sets for twenty-four and thirty-six, identify their overlap, and …

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MF.NS.5 MF-005-A04-V01

Find common multiples or the LCM

Find factors, multiples, common factors, and common multiples to solve numerical and contextual problems.

The least common multiple is the first positive value reached by both counting patterns. We’ll list multiples of six and eight in increasing order, compare the lists as soon as …

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MF.NS.5 MF-005-A05-V01

Use factors for equal-group arrangements

Find factors, multiples, common factors, and common multiples to solve numerical and contextual problems.

Every rectangular desk arrangement corresponds to a factor pair whose product is twenty-four. We’ll test row counts in order, pair each divisor with the number of desks per row, and …

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MF.NS.5 MF-005-A06-V01

Use common factors in a grouping context

Find factors, multiples, common factors, and common multiples to solve numerical and contextual problems.

Making identical bags with nothing left over means the bag count must divide both supply totals. Because the teacher wants as many bags as possible, we’ll compare the factors of …

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MF.NS.5 MF-005-A07-V01

Use common multiples in repeating schedules

Find factors, multiples, common factors, and common multiples to solve numerical and contextual problems.

Each light’s future flash times are multiples of its own interval. Since they start together and we need the first new match, we’ll list the six-second and eight-second schedules in …

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MF.NS.5 MF-005-A09-V01

Check a common-factor or common-multiple claim

Find factors, multiples, common factors, and common multiples to solve numerical and contextual problems.

A number can be a common multiple without being the least common multiple. We’ll test the student’s claim by listing multiples of four and six in increasing order, locating the …

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MF.NS.5 MF-005-A10-V01

Translate a representation into factors

Find factors, multiples, common factors, and common multiples to solve numerical and contextual problems.

Each tile array turns a picture into a multiplication fact: rows times columns equals twenty-four. We’ll read both dimensions from every rectangle, collect both members of each factor pair, remove …

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MF.NS.5 MF-005-A11-V01

Translate shared-number language into arithmetic

Find factors, multiples, common factors, and common multiples to solve numerical and contextual problems.

The phrase “divides both evenly” tells us to look for common factors, and “greatest” tells us where to stop. We’ll list the factors of eighteen and thirty, compare the overlap, …

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MF.NS.5 MF-005-A12-V01

Test candidates against factor and multiple conditions

Find factors, multiples, common factors, and common multiples to solve numerical and contextual problems.

The two phrases describe the same test from opposite directions: the number must be divisible by both six and nine. We’ll translate each requirement into a whole-number multiplication or division …

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MF.NS.5 MF-005-A13-V01

Choose between factor and multiple reasoning in context

Find factors, multiples, common factors, and common multiples to solve numerical and contextual problems.

This story splits two fixed totals into the greatest number of identical groups, so the group count must divide both totals rather than mark a repeated meeting time. We’ll compare …

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MF.NS.6 MF-006-A01-V01

Check divisibility with one rule

Use divisibility rules, prime factorization, and factor structure to analyze and solve whole-number problems.

The rule for divisibility by three turns a large division problem into a digit-sum check. We’ll add the digits of three hundred forty-two, test whether that sum is divisible by …

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MF.NS.6 MF-006-A02-V01

Classify a number as prime or composite

Use divisibility rules, prime factorization, and factor structure to analyze and solve whole-number problems.

Prime or composite classification depends on factor count, so we only need to test possible divisors up to the square root. We’ll bound the search for twenty-nine, check the relevant …

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MF.NS.6 MF-006-A03-V01

Find a prime factorization

Use divisibility rules, prime factorization, and factor structure to analyze and solve whole-number problems.

A prime factorization is complete only when every branch ends in a prime. We’ll split eighty-four into a convenient factor pair, keep breaking apart any composite branch, collect the prime …

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MF.NS.6 MF-006-A04-V01

Combine divisibility clues and factor structure

Use divisibility rules, prime factorization, and factor structure to analyze and solve whole-number problems.

Testing nine possible divisors one by one is clearer if we first expose the prime structure of three hundred sixty. We’ll factor the target number, compare each listed number’s prime …

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MF.NS.6 MF-006-A05-V01

Check a no-leftovers context

Use divisibility rules, prime factorization, and factor structure to analyze and solve whole-number problems.

No leftovers means the total must be divisible by the box size. We’ll apply the digit-sum rule for nine to three hundred twenty-four, then use direct division to find whether …

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MF.NS.6 MF-006-A06-V01

Use prime factor structure for specified numeric outputs

Use divisibility rules, prime factorization, and factor structure to analyze and solve whole-number problems.

The two requested results come from the same factor pair. We’ll split seventy-two into eight times the unknown row length, decompose both factors completely into primes, and count repeated primes …

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MF.NS.6 MF-006-A07-V01

Filter contextual choices by factor structure

Use divisibility rules, prime factorization, and factor structure to analyze and solve whole-number problems.

There are three conditions, so we’ll filter the shipment sizes in a deliberate order. First keep even values, then apply the digit-sum rule for divisibility by three, and finally confirm …

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MF.NS.6 MF-006-A09-V01

Check a prime-structure claim

Use divisibility rules, prime factorization, and factor structure to analyze and solve whole-number problems.

A correct product is not automatically a complete prime factorization. We’ll verify that eight times nine gives seventy-two, check whether each displayed factor is prime, and continue decomposing any composite …

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MF.NS.6 MF-006-A10-V01

Translate a structure representation into standard form

Use divisibility rules, prime factorization, and factor structure to analyze and solve whole-number problems.

The information we need sits at the ends of the factor tree, not at its first split. We’ll follow both composite branches until the leaves are prime, collect every leaf, …

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MF.NS.6 MF-006-A11-V01

Apply a named whole-number structure conclusion

Use divisibility rules, prime factorization, and factor structure to analyze and solve whole-number problems.

The phrase “digits add to twenty-seven” points directly to the divisibility rule for nine. We’ll test whether the given digit sum is a multiple of nine and transfer that remainder …

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MF.NS.6 MF-006-A12-V01

Filter candidates by number-structure conditions

Use divisibility rules, prime factorization, and factor structure to analyze and solve whole-number problems.

We can handle the three conditions as filters instead of testing everything at once. We’ll first keep numbers divisible by six, use digit sums to remove those divisible by nine, …

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MF.NS.6 MF-006-A13-V01

Choose a specified whole-number structure tool

Use divisibility rules, prime factorization, and factor structure to analyze and solve whole-number problems.

The requested divisors all have quick tests, so full prime factorization would add work without helping. We’ll use the last digit of eight thousand one hundred ninety to test two, …

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MF.RN.1 MF-007-A01-V01

Generate equivalent fractions

Generate, compare, and simplify equivalent fractions in numeric and contextual settings.

Equivalent fractions come from multiplying by a form of one. We’ll apply each given scale factor to both the numerator and denominator of three fifths, keeping the requested order, and …

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